Basic Analog Circuits || Lecture One
IN-CLASS NOTES:
Basic Analog Circuits
Dr. Eric Rosenthal
Office Hours Wednesday
Availability on Thursdays as well
SESSION ONE || http://www.basicanalogcircuits.com/Session_1.html
Electricity is invisible
Meters, Oscilloscopes let us see what electric signals are doing
Power supplies- generate electricity
Function Generators- complex waveforms
How to measure, how to generate/create it
Amperage = water current
Current is measured in amps (
If there is no pressure there is no current, it measures the electrons movement through the circuit
Voltage = water pressure
Switch = valve
When switch is closed, the voltage from the battery allows current to run through the circuit. Electricity will not
Work = Power
Measured in watts
V x C …ohm’s Law
Electrons = negativity
Conventionally, flows positive to negative (due to Ben Franklin’s incorrect explanation of electricity)
but in actuality it flows from negative to positive
Two types of circuits http://electronicsclub.info/seriesparallel.htm
- Series, current is always the same in amperes or milliamperes
- Parallel, voltage is always the same in wattage/watts but the current will increase as more connections occur (lights are turned on)
http://electronicsclub.info/voltage.htm
60 times/second
Alternating Current = ~
Direct Current =
Not as energy efficient to use the “conventional light bulb” with filament (Edison lightbulb)
More usage is leaning towards efficiency, (ex. LEDs)
Voltage adds & Current capability stays in the same, when batteries are in series
Electro magnetic force is actually what voltage is,
the movement of the electrons creates potential energy which is harnessed in the current
Resistor resists the flow of electrons, measured in ohms, limits the current
¼ (.25) watt resistors usually used for electronic circuits
made of carbon, which is a conductor of electricity, along with most metals. Carbon is a poor conductor & when impurities are added it makes it even less conductive.
It isn’t temporal, as it’s simply added pressure (ie: pressing your foot down on a water hose, makes it more difficult for the water to flow)
Ohm’s Law
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/voltage-current-resistance-and-ohms-law
Resistors
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_color_code
Multimeter
http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/multimeters-tutorial.shtml
- you need to be on a voltage that is right above it, to maintain accuracy. When it is at “1” it is too low V– is used to measure DC voltage ranges
V~ used to measure AC voltages coming out of a wall, at 60Hz alternating current
anything other than 60 Hz, you must used an oscilloscope
anything above 48 volts, be very careful
When measuring your DC power supply, you switch to the Volts side
Capacitors
Leyden (Leiden) Jar http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyden_jar
Stores the charge of the electrons
Two pieces of metal rolled up around each other, separated by an insulator
http://www.saftbatteries.com/
REFERENCE || http://www.rapidtables.com/electric/Electric_units.htm
http://amasci.com/miscon/voltage.html
http://www.helcohi.com/sse/wires/hp.html
http://www.electricityforum.com/types-electricity.html [Current]
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/voltage-current-resistance-and-ohms-law
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